WPC? @fwO-RRȠ=w\\&[_໶˶s) QV;3wzD^[{b_լݩ9gd`ZAy,jYk7)e5 N @Ei:R\\DhnŅt]I6]S',2?'_g(eOO A'og/eLnȺ WVB22 1)s,*ٴkT>!,znCTs("j߰O&3eڧ[/]f_)xsDX2θs $z,qN}C6YC TvvnX$Fd:pǩ΅lA`#! -:oq+h/2|p*fvydm+?<4ajb{.Jr@8,2ɨqNy#UbNg % 0: U> ^ 3 w? 4C W f mh 0U 0 0 0p 0) 0 0 00 0 0l 0+ 0 0 0J 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0_ 0 0 09 0 0W 0< 0_U,v 0U+@ 1U 0/ 0 0>! 1u! 72^" 0" 0D# 0# 0$ 0% 0r&$' %' 0' 0( 0 6) 0) 02* 0* 0:+ 0Y+ 0_S, 0 , 0- 4>/ 0r/ B*x1 D/1 D+1 01 D/4 014 04 0:6 0^A6 0<6 0N6U6)7U*_7_7_7]7888b;;;;; B; 0;;;;;;x< 08~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=D>HP LaserJet 3150,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,\  `&Times New RomanQu2 `2:i+003|xU*+ (_2623  ..*D+D (_25   ," <DL,23  ..," <DL,   *5+5 (_24  ) <DL)23  ..) <DL)  *2+2 (_23 ` &<<DL&23  ..&<<DL& ` */+/ (_22  #DL#23  ..#DL#  *,+, (_21   DL 23  .. DL  *)+) (_20 h DDL23  ..DDL h *&+& (_19  L23  ..L  *#+# (_18   L23  .. L  *>> (_17  2( 4 <DL223  Ԁ2( 4 <DL2  *DD (_16   ," <DL,23  Ԁ," <DL,   *55 (_15  ) <DL)23  Ԁ) <DL)  *22 (_14 ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ&<<DL& ` *// (_13  #DL#23  Ԁ#DL#  *,, (_12   DL 23  Ԁ DL  *)) (_11 h DDL23  ԀDDL h *&& (_10  L23  ԀL  (## &_9   L23  Ԁ L  (>> &_8  2( 4 <DL223  2( 4 <DL2  (DD &_7   ," <DL,23  ," <DL,   (55 &_6  ) <DL)23  ) <DL)  (22 &_5 ` &<<DL&23  &<<DL& ` (// &_4  #DL#23  #DL#  (,, &_3   DL 23   DL  ()) &_2 h DDL23  DDL h (&& &_1  L23  L  &## $_   L23   L  <:Default Para64Hypertext     $Shruti(hh&H5   5+ ` hp x 5    5+ ` hp x 5  (9 Z(Times New Roman $359=AEIMQ111111111<AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)0i)(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  (#$  0  (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5   `!J$USUS.,XX    1    _ ` Failuretopermitinspectionnotincluded.X(]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  0.Strong 8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKR<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KR<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/KR<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  (a) Informal Conference<:zBottom of 7H(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?S%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7I(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d dG)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7K(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?S%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7I(X75+ ` hp x 5  G)2dxd0KS.SampleKR<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS8dl6TypewriterKR<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  (O$<6X9`(Courier New%2A`Arial S `!J$USUS.,XX    2    _ ` 8ACharlesAlanWright&ArthurR.MillerFederalPractice&ProcedureCiv.2d##2288(2nded. e 1994).  `!J$USUS.,XX    3    _ ` Hutchinsonv.Pfeil,No.98-5043,1999WL1015557,at*3(10thCir.Nov.9,1999)(unpublished e decision).Interestingly,Hutchinsonandmanyothercasesciteto [t]hecontrollingdefinitionofsubstantially ) justified[]setforthinPiercev.Underwood[487U.S.552,56465(1988)]whenPierceconsideredadifferent  legalissueentirely,onlyanalogizingtowhatJusticeScaliatermedtobetheprevalentviewunderFed.R.Civ.P. L 37(a)(4)(A).- - d(M(3!J$ !USUS.,  XX    0   `!J$USUS.,XX    4    _ ` EhrenhausvReynolds,965F.2d916,921(10thCir.1992)(citationsandquotationmarksomitted).dpdL*Quotindented text for quotations8  9XXXX9XXXNX 9XXXX9XXXNX  : `!J$USUS.,XX    5    _ ` JordanF.MillerCorp.v.MidContinentAircraftServ.,Inc.,No.975089,1998WL68879,at*6 e (10thCir.Feb.20,1998)(unpublisheddecision). !USUS.,  _Z8dd8e  XXProvisionsofFederalandLocalDistrictofUtahRules e RegardingMotionstoCompel#XX# y MeetandConferRequirementXX  y #XX#XX0  Themotion[ tocompeldisclosure] mustincludeacertificationthatthe movanthasingoodfaith e conferredorattemptedtoconfer withthepartynotmakingthedisclosureinanefforttosecurethe +  disclosurewithoutcourtaction.##ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(a)(2)(A). (#(# 0   (#(# 0  Themotion[ tocompelanswertodepositionquestion,designate30(b)(6)witness,tocompelanswerto y  aninterrogatory,afterfailuretorespondthatinspectionwillbepermittedorfailuretopermitthe ?   inspection ]mustincludeacertificationthatthe movanthasingoodfaithconferredorattemptedto    confer withthepersonorpartyfailingtomakethediscoveryinanefforttosecuretheinformationor  b  materialwithoutcourtaction.Fed.R.Civ.P.37(a)(2)(B).( (#(# 0  % E <   InformalConference%E8#f# <E  <   ԀtoSettleDiscoveryDisputes## <  <   .## <  ԀUnlessotherwiseordered,thecourtwillnotentertain   anydiscoverymotion,exceptthosemotionsbroughtbyapersonappearingproseandthosebroughtunder v  Fed.R.Civ.P.26_(c)_Ԁbyapersonwhoisnotaparty,unlesscounselforthemovingpartyfileswiththecourt, :  atthetimeoffilingthemotion,astatementshowingthatthe attorneymakingthemotionhasmadea c  reasonableefforttoreachagreementwithopposingattorneys onthematterssetforthinthemotion. ) Suchstatementmustrecite,inaddition,the date,time,andplaceofsuchconsultationandthenamesof  allparticipatingpartiesorattorneys .##_DUCivR_Ԁ371(a).P(#(# 0  #XX# (#(#  AppendixforMotiontoCompel  g  XX <   0  MotionstoCompel# # <d   <   ԀDiscovery#( # <   <   .# # <   MotionstocompeldiscoveryunderFed.R.Civ.P.37(a)mustbe S accompaniedbya copy ofthediscoveryrequest,the response totherequesttowhichobjectionismade,  andasuccinct statement ,separatelyforeachobjection,summarizingwhytheresponsereceivedwas z inadequate.#%#_DUCivR_Ԁ371(b).###XXB #XXԀ#>##XX#@(#(#  +XXXXWaiverofDefensestoMotiontoCompel andofObjectionstoDiscovery  U +X+X0  Thefailuretoact[failureto#+#Ԁappearfordeposition,answerinterrogatories,orrespondtoarequestfor E inspection]maynotbeexcusedonthegroundthatthediscoverysoughtisobjectionableunlesstheparty   failingtoacthasapendingmotionforaprotectiveorderasprovidedbyRule26(c).+Fed.R.Civ.P.37(d).#+XX+#Ԁ#XXX+X1# h(#(# Sanctions 󀄀ifnoorderinplace @! 0  +XXXX+X+X Failuretodiscloseorsupplementdiscoveryevidencebarred  0"(#(# 0  (1)ApartythatwithoutsubstantialjustificationfailstodiscloseinformationrequiredbyRule26(a)or W!# 26(e)(1),ortoamendapriorresponsetodiscoveryasrequiredbyRule26(e)(2),isnot,unlesssuchfailure "$ isharmless,permittedtouseasevidenceatatrial,atahearing,oronamotionanywitnessorinformation "z% notsodisclosed.Inadditiontoorinlieuofthissanction,thecourt,onmotionandafteraffordingan #>& opportunitytobeheard,mayimposeotherappropriatesanctions.#+#ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(c)(1).g$ '(#(# 0  #XX:# (#(# 0  XXFailuretoadmitexpensesofproof &!)(#(# 0  +[T]hecourt[mayenter]anorderrequiringtheotherpartytopaythereasonableexpensesincurredin &t"* makingthatproof[requiredbyapartyswrongfulfailuretoadmit],includingreasonableattorney'sfees.#+,#+ '8#+ #+V#?+ 4 <DL!X?Thecourtshallmaketheorderunlessitfindsthat(A)therequestwasheldobjectionablepursuanttoRule a(#, 36(a),or(B)theadmissionsoughtwasofnosubstantialimportance,or_(C)_Ԁthepartyfailingtoadmithad %)$- reasonablegroundtobelievethatthepartymightprevailonthematter,or(D)therewasothergoodreason )%. forthefailuretoadmit.Fed.R.Civ.P.37(c)(2).#XX#*H&/(#(#   ],'1 _0  +XXXX +X+XFailureto#+3#Ԁappearfordeposition,answerinterrogatories,orrespondtoarequestforinspection e(#(# 0  Ifapartyor[relatedpersonfailsto+Ԁappearfordeposition,answerinterrogatories,orrespondtoarequestfor ' inspection]...#+K#+thecourtinwhichtheactionispendingonmotionmaymakesuchordersinregardtothe  failureasarejust,andamongothersitmaytakeanyactionauthorizedundersubparagraphs(A),(B),and J _(C)_Ԁofsubdivision(b)(2)ofthisrule.#+#+ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(d).#+XX+U##XXX+Xs#s(#(# B+ 4 <DL!X!B+XXXX Sanctions disobedienceofcourtorder  #  0  +X+XFailuretobeswornoranswerdepositionquestionaftercourtdirection. (#(# 0  Ifadeponentfailstobeswornortoansweraquestionafterbeingdirectedtodosobythecourtinthe  p districtinwhichthedepositionisbeingtaken,thefailuremaybeconsideredacontemptofthatcourt.#+T #ԀFed.  4  R.Civ.P.37(c)(1).#XX #]  (#(# 0  XXFailuretoObeyOtherDiscoveryOrder#XX"#   (#(# XX& L B+ ` hp x X!B*  ?+ ` hp x X?   0  *#  (2)SanctionsbyCourtinWhichActionIsPending.Ifapartyor[relatedpersonfailstoobeyanorderfor j  discovery],thecourtinwhichtheactionispendingmaymakesuchordersinregardtothefailureasare .  just,andamongothersthefollowing: 'L#*#$݌W (#(# Ќ    XX   0  (A)Anorderthatthemattersregardingwhichtheorderwasmadeoranyotherdesignated factsshallbe   takentobeestablished forthepurposesoftheactioninaccordancewiththeclaimofthepartyobtaining |  theorder;B(#(# 0  (B)Anorder refusingtoallow thedisobedientpartytosupportoropposedesignated claimsordefenses , k orprohibitingthatpartyfromintroducingdesignatedmattersin evidence ;1(#(# 0  _(C_)Anorder strikingoutpleadings orpartsthereof,or staying furtherproceedingsuntiltheorderis  obeyed,or dismissing theactionorproceedingoranypartthereof,orrenderinga judgmentbydefault  X againstthedisobedientparty;(#(# 0  (D)Inlieuofanyoftheforegoingordersorinadditionthereto,anordertreatingasa contempt ofcourtthe G failuretoobeyanyordersexceptanordertosubmittoaphysicalormentalexamination; (#(# 0  (E)Whereapartyhasfailedtocomplywithanorderunder(   Rule35(a) (+  ݀requiringthatpartytoproduce l anotherforexamination,suchordersasarelistedinparagraphs(A),(B),and_(C_)ofthissubdivision,unless 2 thepartyfailingtocomplyshowsthat_that_Ԁpartyisunabletoproducesuchpersonforexamination.#XXw##[(#(#  ,(430+XXXX0  +X+XUnsuccessfulattemptforProtectiveOrder (#(# 0  #+XX+].##XXX+X..#?+ ` hp x X?XXIfthemotionforaprotectiveorderisdeniedinwholeorinpart,thecourtmay,onsuchtermsand h conditionsasarejust,orderthatanypartyorotherpersonprovideorpermitdiscovery.Theprovisionsof ,  Rule37(a)(4)applytotheawardofexpensesincurredinrelationtothemotion.#XXX/#U!(#(#  ExpensesandAttorneysFees   # 0  XX Motionforordercompellingdisclosureordiscovery #XXI1# $(#(# 0  XX(A)Ifthemotion[foranordercompellingdisclosureordiscovery]isgrantedorifthedisclosureor !N% requesteddiscoveryisprovidedafterthemotionwasfiled,thecourt shall ,afteraffordinganopportunityto w"& beheard,requirethepartyordeponentwhoseconductnecessitatedthemotionorthepartyorattorney =#' advisingsuchconductorbothofthemtopaytothemovingpartythereasonableexpensesincurredin $( makingthemotion,includingattorney'sfees,unlessthecourtfindsthatthemotionwasfiledwithoutthe $` ) _movant_'sfirstmakingagoodfaithefforttoobtainthedisclosureordiscoverywithoutcourtaction,orthat %$!* theopposingparty's_nondisclosure_,response,orobjectionwassubstantiallyjustified,orthatother M&!+ circumstancesmakeanawardofexpensesunjust.#R2#Ԁ'",(#(# ?+ 4 <DL!X?0  +(B)Ifthemotionisdenied,thecourtmayenteranyprotectiveorderauthorizedunderRule26_(c_) and shall , 'p#- afteraffordinganopportunitytobeheard,requirethemovingpartyortheattorneyfilingthemotionorboth (6$. ofthemtopaytothepartyordeponentwhoopposedthemotionthereasonableexpensesincurredin _)$/ opposingthemotion,includingattorney'sfees,unlessthecourtfindsthatthemakingofthemotionwas #*%0 substantiallyjustifiedorthatothercircumstancesmakeanawardofexpensesunjust.*&1(#(# 0  _(C_)Ifthemotionisgrantedinpartanddeniedinpart,thecourtmayenteranyprotectiveorderauthorized +F'2 underRule26_(c)_Ԁand may ,afteraffordinganopportunitytobeheard,apportionthereasonable_expenses o, (3 incurredinrelationtothemotionamongthepartiesandpersonsinajustmanner.#+6#ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(a)(4).#XX1#e(#(# +XXXX0  +X+XUnsuccessfulattemptforProtectiveOrder(#(# 0  #+XX+;##XXX+X;#B+ ` hp x X!BXXIfthemotionforaprotectiveorderisdeniedinwholeorinpart,thecourtmay,onsuchtermsand r conditionsasarejust,orderthatanypartyorotherpersonprovideorpermitdiscovery.Theprovisionsof 6 Rule37(a)(4)applytotheawardofexpensesincurredinrelationtothemotion.Fed.R.Civ.P.26_(c)_.#XX<#Ԁ_(#(# XX+ 0  Failuretodiscloseorsupplement#+XX+># #XXX+X>#+XXXX (#(# 0  +X+XInadditiontoorinlieuofthissanction[forfailuretodiscloseorsupplement],thecourt,onmotionand  j afteraffordinganopportunitytobeheard, may#+O?#+Ԁ [require]?+ 4 <DL!X?Ӏpaymentofreasonableexpenses,including  .  attorney'sfees,causedbythefailure.#+@#ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(c)(1).#XX?#Y  (#(# +XXXXB+ 4 <DL!X!B0  +X+XFailuretoadmit#+XX+QB# #XXX+XA#+XXXX  (#(# 0  +X+X[T]hecourt[mayenter]anorderrequiringtheotherpartytopaythereasonableexpensesincurredin f  makingthatproof[requiredbyapartyswrongfulfailuretoadmit],includingreasonableattorney'sfees.#+B# *  B+ 4 <DL!X!BThecourt shall maketheorderunlessitfindsthat(A)therequestwasheldobjectionablepursuanttoRule S  36(a),or(B)theadmissionsoughtwasofnosubstantialimportance,or(C)thepartyfailingtoadmithad   reasonablegroundtobelievethatthepartymightprevailonthematter,or(D)therewasothergoodreason x  forthefailuretoadmit.Fed.R.Civ.P.37(c)(2).#XXC#<(#(# 0  +XXXX +X+XFailureto#+F#Ԁappearfordeposition,answerinterrogatories,orrespondtoarequestforinspection+Ԁ Q(#(# 0  Ifapartyor[relatedpersonfailsto#+`G#Ԁappearfordeposition,answerinterrogatories,orrespondtoarequestfor  inspection8 3#  1      ]+Ԁ...thecourt shall requirethepartyfailingtoactortheattorneyadvisingthatpartyorbothto r paythereasonableexpenses,includingattorney'sfees,causedbythefailureunlessthecourtfindsthatthe 8 failurewassubstantiallyjustifiedorthatothercircumstancesmakeanawardofexpensesunjust.#+H#ԀFed.R. a Civ.P.37(d).#XXF#%(#(# 0  +XXXX +X+XFailuretoobeyorder #+J#+p(#(# 0  [Intheeventoffailuretoobeyanorder]thecourt shall requirethepartyfailingtoobeytheorderorthe 2 attorneyadvisingthatpartyorbothtopaythereasonableexpenses,includingattorney'sfees,causedbythe ] failure,unlessthecourtfindsthatthefailurewassubstantiallyjustifiedorthatothercircumstancesmakean ! awardofexpensesunjust.#+TK#ԀFed.R.Civ.P.37(b)(2).#XXJ#(#(#   NonPartiesXX  " #XXM#B+ ` hp x X!B0  XX PriorStatements m #(#(# 0  Uponrequest,apersonnotapartymayobtainwithouttherequiredshowingastatementconcerningthe /!$ actionoritssubjectmatterpreviouslymadebythatperson.Iftherequestisrefused,thepersonmaymove !% foracourtorder.TheprovisionsofRule37(a)(4)applytotheawardofexpensesincurredinrelationtothe "R& motion.Forpurposesofthisparagraph,astatementpreviouslymadeis(A)awrittenstatementsignedor {#' otherwiseadoptedorapprovedbythepersonmakingit,or(B)astenographic,mechanical,electrical,or ?$( otherrecording,oratranscriptionthereof,whichisasubstantiallyverbatimrecitalofanoralstatementby % ) thepersonmakingitandcontemporaneouslyrecorded.Fed.R.Civ.P.26(b)(3).#XXN#%b!*(#(# XX  Subpoenas  w'#, 0  Failurebyanypersonwithoutadequateexcusetoobeyasubpoenaserveduponthatpersonmaybedeemed 9(#-  acontemptofthecourtfromwhichthesubpoenaissued.Anadequatecauseforfailuretoobeyexistswhen ($. asubpoenapurportstorequireanonpartytoattendorproduceataplacenotwithinthelimitsprovidedby e clause(ii)ofsubparagraph(c)(3)(A).Fed.R.Civ.P.45(e).#XXuR#)(#(#  +XXXX FrequentlyCitedCaseLaw#XXX+XT#)XH XXXԀ#XX X)XH=U#+XXXXinMotionstoCompel #XXX+XU#)XH XXX t #XX X)XHU#+XXXX0  #XXX+X0V#XX Whatdoes substantiallyjustifiedmean? #XXV# (#(# XX0  Authoritativecommentatorssuggestafairlylowthresholdforshowing substantialjustification. Making  z amotion,oropposingamotion,issubstantiallyjustifiedifthemotionraisedanissueaboutwhich  > reasonablepeoplecouldgenuinelydiffer...V 3#  2      ׀However,theTenthCircuithasmadeasomewhatless g  generousanalysis:+  (#(# 8  0`   Weareoftheview,therefore,thatasbetweenthetwocommonlyusedconnotationsofthe    word substantially,theonemostnaturallyconveyedbythephrasebeforeushereisnot  N   justifiedtoahighdegree,butrather justifiedinsubstanceorinthemain!thatis, w  justifiedtoadegreethatcouldsatisfyareasonableperson.W 3#  3      ׀; ` `  0  Itisnotenoughtosubjectivelybelievethatapositionisjustified.Thesanctionsrulecallsforanobjective   analysis,madeinthecontextofthesuit.#XXW#^ (#(# 0  XXWhenwillultimatesanctionsbeimposed?#XX\# s(#(# 0  XXGuidelinesforimpositionoftheextremesanctionofdismissal(againstaviolatingplaintiff)orjudgment 5 (againstaviolatingdefendant)whichapplygenerallytodiscoverysanctionsalsoapplytospoliation  sanctions.X(#(# 0  0` (#(#Beforechoosingdismissalasajustsanction,acourtshouldordinarilyconsideranumberof  factors,including:(1)thedegreeofactualprejudicetothedefendant;(2)theamountof E interferencewiththejudicialprocess;(3)theculpabilityofthelitigant;(4)whetherthecourt   warnedthepartyinadvancethatdismissaloftheactionwouldbealikelysanctionfor h noncompliance;and(5)theefficacyoflessersanctions.f 3#  4      ,` (#` (# 0  Dismissalandentryofjudgmentareremediesoflastresortbecause acourtshouldimposetheleast U oneroussanctionthatwillremedytheprejudiceand,whereapplicable,punishthepastwrongdoingand  deterfuturewrongdoing.x@  3#  5      ׀x(#(#   #XX#]#XXDavidNuffer u" July2005#XXb#XX